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| Solar technician performing PV troubleshooting on rooftop panels |
Are your solar panels producing less electricity than expected or not working at all? This complete guide to solar PV troubleshooting explains how to identify failures, apply the right solutions, and avoid costly mistakes in the long run.
Why Solar PV Troubleshooting Matters
A solar system is built to last more than 20 years, but various issues can lower its efficiency: an inverter failure, a solar panel not charging the battery, or a drop in solar panel production. Understanding these problems helps you take action quickly and protect your investment.
Step 1: Identify the Problem in Your Solar System
- Digital monitoring: look for error codes on the screen of your inverter or in your monitoring app.
- Visual inspection: detect if a solar panel stops producing or if a microinverter is offline.
- Wiring check: look for loose connections, corrosion, or insulation faults.
- System diagnostics: use a multimeter or call a professional to measure voltage.
Step 2: Fix the Most Common Solar Issues
Solar inverter failure
The central component of your PV system is the inverter. Verify:
- Status lights (green = OK, red = fault).
- Error codes on the display.
- Warranty (usually 5–10 years).
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| solar inverter with red error lights flashing connected to solar panels |
One solar panel not producing
Common causes: shading, dirt, broken glass, or microinverter malfunction. Sometimes cleaning solves the issue, but if the panel remains inactive, call a solar expert.
Solar panel not charging the battery
Check all connections between batteries, inverter, and charge controller. Batteries (lithium-ion or lead-acid) can lose capacity after years of use and may need replacement.
Step 3: Preventive Maintenance for Your PV System
- Panels should be cleaned frequently to get rid of dust and debris.
- Use a mobile app to keep an eye on system production.
- To prevent software bugs, update the inverter's firmware.
- Examine the wiring and roof sealing, particularly following storms.
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| Solar Panel installation with a technician using a tablet to monitor solar production |
Common Mistakes to Avoid in Solar PV Troubleshooting
- High-voltage wiring should never be handled by someone without electrical experience.
- Don't disregard slow declines in performance.
- Avoid using harsh cleaning agents on solar panels.
- Annual inspections should not be skipped because minor problems can develop into costly malfunctions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
If my inverter displays an error, what should I do?
If the problem continues, consult the handbook, make a note of the error code, and get in touch with your installer.
How can I determine whether a solar panel is damaged?
On microinverter monitoring apps, inactive panels typically show up as "grey" or "black."
Does the warranty cover solar troubleshooting?
Depending on your contract, yes. Repairs may be covered by a manufacturer's warranty, a 10-year workmanship guarantee, or even home insurance.
Useful Resources
- U.S. Department of Energy – Solar Energy
- International Energy Agency (IEA)
- Benefits of solar energy
- Verifying Solar Panel Brands
Conclusion
This solar troubleshooting guide helps you understand the most common solar panel problems and adopt the best practices to keep your system efficient. When in doubt, always call a certified installer to ensure the safety and long-term performance of your solar PV system.
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